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Android入门 一 : unit test

主要内容

  • Local Unit Test
  • Instrumented Unit Test

本文主要以idea 说明如何进行 Android Unit Test。
分为与Android环境相关的Instrumented Unit Test , 与Android环境无关的Local Unit Test

Local Unit Test

Local Unit Test 用来做跟android环境无关的Unit Test。

配置依赖

build.gradle 中增加必要的依赖

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dependencies {
...
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}

Test java class

JUnit 4 为基础的话, 仅需要 用 @Test 注解测试method。
android官方例子像这样的:

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import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

public class EmailValidatorTest {

@Test
public void emailValidator_CorrectEmailSimple_ReturnsTrue() {
assertThat(EmailValidator.isValidEmail("name@email.com"), is(true));
}
...
}

运行

别忘记将 /src/test/java 设置成 Test Source Root

  • 同步
    project 视图下, 右键工程, synchronize ${your project name}

  • 配置BuildVariants
    Test Artifact 选择 Unit Tests

  • 运行
    右键测试class, run !

Instrumented Unit Test

如果你的测试需要访问 instrumentation information (例如 app’s Context) 或者需要 Android framework component (例如 Parcelable SharedPreferences),那么你可以使用 Instrumented Unit Test
目前有2中方式实现: AndroidJUnit4 以及 TestCase

AndroidJUnit4

这是Android官方的例子, 需要注意的是如需要取 context 必须使用 getTargetContext()

InstrumentationRegistry is an exposed registry instance that holds a reference to the instrumentation running in the process and it’s arguments and allows injection of the following instances:

  • InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(), returns the Instrumentation currently running.
  • InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), returns the Context of this Instrumentation’s package.
  • InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), returns the application Context of the target application.
  • InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments(), returns a copy of arguments Bundle that was passed to this Instrumentation. This is useful when you want to access the command line arguments passed to Instrumentation for your test.

配置依赖

  • 在顶层build.gradle 中增加必要的依赖
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dependencies {
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4.1'
// Optional -- Hamcrest library
androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
// Optional -- UI testing with Espresso
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
// Optional -- UI testing with UI Automator
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
}
  • 在模块build.gradle 中配置 instrumentation runner
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android {
defaultConfig {
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
}

Test java class

instrumentation Test 应该使用 Junit4 的方式编写, 代码默认路径为 src/androidTest/java
Android 的官方例子如下:

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import android.os.Parcel;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.util.Pair;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import java.util.List;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@SmallTest
public class LogHistoryAndroidUnitTest {

public static final String TEST_STRING = "This is a string";
public static final long TEST_LONG = 12345678L;
private LogHistory mLogHistory;

//前处理
@Before
public void createLogHistory() {
mLogHistory = new LogHistory();
}

@Test
public void logHistory_ParcelableWriteRead() {
// Set up the Parcelable object to send and receive.
mLogHistory.addEntry(TEST_STRING, TEST_LONG);

// Write the data.
Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
mLogHistory.writeToParcel(parcel, mLogHistory.describeContents());

// After you're done with writing, you need to reset the parcel for reading.
parcel.setDataPosition(0);

// Read the data.
LogHistory createdFromParcel = LogHistory.CREATOR.createFromParcel(parcel);
List<Pair<String, Long>> createdFromParcelData = createdFromParcel.getData();

// Verify that the received data is correct.
assertThat(createdFromParcelData.size(), is(1));
assertThat(createdFromParcelData.get(0).first, is(TEST_STRING));
assertThat(createdFromParcelData.get(0).second, is(TEST_LONG));
}

//后处理
@After

}

TestCase

继承 android.test 包下面一系列 xxxxTestCase
IDEA 自动生存的例子:

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package com.example.sam.myapplication;

import android.app.Application;
import android.test.ApplicationTestCase;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
* <a href="http://d.android.com/tools/testing/testing_android.html">Testing Fundamentals</a>
*/
public class ApplicationTest extends ApplicationTestCase<Application> {
public ApplicationTest() {
super(Application.class);
}

//前处理
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();

// 增加你自己的前处理
}

@Test
public void test(){
System.out.println("ok ok");
}

//后处理
@Override
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();

//增加你自己的后处理
}



}

运行

别忘记将 src/androidTest/java 设置成 Test Source Root

  • 同步
    project 视图下, 右键工程, synchronize ${your project name}

  • 配置BuildVariants
    Test Artifact 选择 Android instrumentation Tests

  • 运行
    右键测试class, Android Test 方式运行! 在 Local Unit Test 的 下一格,带Android机器人图标的。
    run !

官方链接

Best Practices for Testing